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Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and edited by countless contributing members over a period of time. A global group of dedicated editors oversee accuracy, consulting with expert advisers, and constantly reviewing additions.

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Gastric foreign material

Gastric foreign material is commonly encountered on abdominal imaging, especially radiographs. The type and significance of the foreign material in determining whether there is obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract is frequently a primary or secondary clinical question. Terminology Gastric...

Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a tumor of plasma cell origin that localizes to the bone marrow of the axial skeleton causing bone lysis, pathologic fractures, and spinal cord compression 1. Myelomas appear most frequently as polyostotic aggressive bone lesions in the spine and pelvis on radiographs, MRI an...

Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema

Pneumomediastinum is the presence of free gas in the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, whereas subcutaneous emphysema refers to gas trapped under the skin. These conditions can occur in domestic animals due to various causes such as trauma or medical procedures, leadin...

Abdominal disorders

Abdominal disorders are diverse and commonly encountered in practice. Diagnostic imaging, particularly radiographs and ultrasound, are used as screening tests for abdominal disorders. Abdomen Diaphragm Body wall Retroperitoneal space Lymph nodes Peritoneal effusion Hepatobiliary Liver G...

Splenic mass

Splenic mass is a common finding on imaging modalities. It may be part of the presenting complaint, or be an incidental finding on a screening examination. Splenic masses have multiple etiologies and presentations, and iterative imaging and sampling may be required for diagnosis. Radiographic f...

Metaphyseal osteopathy

Metaphyseal osteopathy affects young dogs, and results in necrosis of the metaphyseal bone. The radiographic appearance is bilaterally symmetric, centered on the physes of long bones of the axial skeleton, and may be accompanied by severe periosteal reaction.

Traumatic diaphgragmatic hernia

Diaphragmatic rupture is a separation of the diaphragm from the thoracic wall, or a rent in the diaphragm itself. This is often traumatic, and disrupts the barrier between the thorax and the abdomen. Terminology Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is used to describe the condition after a traumatic...

Liver disorders

Liver disorders have a variety of presentations and distributions. They can be classified into a few types: Hepatic mass Hepatic nodules Diffuse enlargement

Hepatic mass

Hepatic mass is a focal enlargement of the liver that indicates a space occupying lesion. This results in a change of the contour of the normal liver margin and often a mass effect. #### Terminology Terminology text. Clarification of changes in terminology or confusing terminology. #### Epide...

Hip dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a developmental disorder of dogs that originates from joint laxity and results in osteoarthritis.

Retained cartilage core

Retained cartilage core is a failure of enchondral ossification seen in the distal ulnar metaphysis of growing large breed dogs. Epidemiology Large breed dogs with open physes are at risk for retained cartilage core. Associations Great Danes and Irish Wolfhounds are breeds in which this diso...

Discospondylitis

Introduction Discospondylitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the intervertebral discs, vertebral endplates, and adjacent vertebral bodies in domestic animals, typically dogs and less commonly cats. The condition is often caused by bacterial or fungal infections, which can lead to spinal p...

Multilobular tumor of bone

Multilobular tumor of bone (MTB), also known as multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO), is a relatively uncommon, slow-growing but potentially malignant tumor chiefly affecting the skull bones in dogs, with occasional reports in cats and horses. Characterized by its local aggressiveness and vari...

Splenic lesions and anomalies

The spleen is part of the hemolymphatic system and is frequently evaluated for abnormalities when imaging the abdomen. Splenic lesions can be classified in a number of ways. Congenital anomalies accessory spleen lobular spleen Mass lesions Splenic mass Benign mass lesions splenic cyst ex...

Musculoskeletal disorders

Developmental musculoskeletal disorders Developmental musculoskeletal disorders are a discrete group of conditions that affect young animals, often similarly across species. Recognition of these requires familiarity with the presentation, common locations, and pathophysiology. Osteochondrosis ...

Primary pulmonary neoplasia

Terminology Primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs and cats mainly refer to tumors originating within the lung parenchyma or airway epithelium. Epithelial tumors are the most frequently encountered type, with bronchial origin linked to central neoplasms and bronchiolar or alveolar origin linked to...

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