Heart failure

Case contributed by Allison L Zwingenberger
Diagnosis certain

Presentation

Anorexia and increased respiratory effort for 3 days.

Patient Data

Age: 17 years
Gender: Castrated male
Category: Domestic cat
Organism: Domestic shorthaired cat

Thorax

x-ray

The images were obtained post thoracocentesis of 300 ml of effusion. The cardiac silhouette is markedly enlarged, and the pulmonary vasculature and caudal vena cava are distended. There is increased soft tissue opacity in the pleural space, as well as some gas bubbles secondary to thoracocentesis. The left cranial thorax is increased in opacity and there is a mild medastinal shift to the left.There is a diffuse bronchointerstitial pattern throughout the lungs.

Case Discussion

These findings indicate heart failure. This cat was being treated for hyperthyroidism which can induce cardiac hypertrophy. He also had an arrhythmia from atrial fibrillation.

​On echocardiogram, there was atrial fibrillation and concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle, as well as marked atrial enlargement and pulmonary hypertension. Etiology may be cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroidism, or pulmonary hypertension.

 

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